piątek, 10 lutego 2012

Karaluchy

... są zwierzętami fototropijnymi. Zaprogramowane tak, by odwracać się od słońca i unikać kontaktu ze światłem. Są zwierzętami nocnymi i większość ich gatunków natychmiast ucieka w zetknięciu ze źródłem jakiegokolwiek światła. Nie sposób jednak jednoznacznie stwierdzić, co właściwie jest przyczyną tej ucieczki. Czy jest to genetycznie zaprogramowana reakcja chroniąca je przed innymi drapieżnikami, czy po prostu przeszkadza im światło. Na pewno wiadomo, że szybkość z jaką ucieka karaluch zależy m.in od wilgotności powietrza, gatunku karalucha i stopnia jego wygłodzenia. Przyglądając się tym nielubianym owadom dziwić może fakt, że karaluchy mają słaby wzrok. Okazuje się, że niebezpieczeństwo wyczuwają jako wibracje w swoim otoczeniu. Mają na grzbiecie dwie struktury, zwane tworami szczecinkowatymi - bardzo wrażliwe na podmuchy powietrza. Czyli, gdy ponagleni nocnym głodem wchodzimy po ciemku do kuchni, karaluch wykrywa naszą obecność nie wzrokiem, nie słuchem tylko wyczuwając prądy powietrza, które tworzymy swoją ruchliwą obecnością. Gdy już zapalimy światło przygotowany jest do odwrotu i zmyka w szczeliny, z których wyszedł.
Współczesna karaluchy są świetnie przystosowane do otoczenia. Gdy smacznie śpimy, z prawdziwym znawstwem terenu plądrują nasze kuchnie. Jedynie czego może się obawiać, to większych gryzoni, ale te atakują je tylko w ciągu dnia. W nocy największym ich wrogiem jest środek owadobójczy w aerozolu. No, ale komu by się chciało biegać po ciemku za karaluchami.
Zakładając zaś, że karaluch umiera śmiercią naturalną, to trzeba zwrócić uwagę na ich ułożenie, gdy osiągną stan zero. Zdechły owad leży na grzbiecie. Dlaczego? Otóż, gdy karaluch zdycha, sztywnieją mu nogi i upada na bok. A, że przeważnie mają spłaszczone ciałka o wąskich bokach, impet upadku i uderzenia o podłoże natychmiast przewraca je na grzbiet.
Oczywiście i tu wyodrębnić można pewne ciekawe klasyfikacje. Jak wyżej opisałam, zdychają małe karaluchy, takie jak prusaki i karaluchy brązowobokie. Istnieją również większe karaluchy, np. przybyszka amerykańska, czy karaluch wschodni - mają niżej położony ośrodek ciężkości - a te najczęściej zdychają "pyskiem do ziemi".
I jak ich nie polubić za takie umieranie?

50 komentarzy:

  1. Czasem trzeba ŻYĆ "pyskiem do ziemi".
    To dopiero jest wyzwanie! ;)

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    1. Prawda?
      Taki karaluch ma z górki, czy z pyskiem do ziemi czy odwłokiem do góry nogami, a tu trzeba żyć i pchać swój wózek do przodu. ;)

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  2. Nie darze karaluchów miłością ale podziwiam za niesamowitą siłę przetrwania. Według dr. Mathieu Lihoreau z University of London karaluchy polecają sobie stołówki. Jego zdaniem owady przekazują sobie sygnały, wykorzystując "feromon żerowania" - związek obecny w ślinie, albo węglowodór wydzielany przez ciało.

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    Odpowiedzi
    1. Gdzieś wcześniej pisałam o ich bojowej sile przetrwania. Jako nieliczne przetrwałyby wojnę nuklearną.
      P.S. Mówisz, że przekazują sobie info? Tajni agenci znaczy? ;))

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  3. Istnienie karaluchów mnie uspokaja w kwestii życia na Ziemi. Nawet jeśli ludzie zrobią sobie wielkie kuku, to o losy życia jako takiego, nie trzeba się martwić. Nie homo sapiens to inny gatunek wysforuje się na prowadzenie. Karaluchy i szczury są moimi kandydatami. A, i te bakterie z dna mórz.

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  4. Za szczurami to i ja obstaję. Są niezłomne. I zdecydowanie wolałabym je, niż karaluchy, gdyby przyszło mi wybierać wśród przyszłych mieszkańców Ziemi. :)

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  5. Jakos nadal za nimi nie przepadam...;)

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  6. Ostatnio widziałem program w którym potwierdzono, że jednak karaluchy nie przeżyją promieniowania po wojnie atomowej. Przeżyły wybuchy na atolu Bikini ale tylko dlatego, że bomby były słabsze od tych, które są w obecnych arsenałach. Ciekawe czy to prawda. Ponoć jest jakaś bakteria, która wytrzymuje poziom promieniowania tysiąckrotnie większy niż dawka śmiertelna dla człowieka. To może być przyszłość ziemi. Kto wie, co po milionach lat wyrośnie z takiej bakterii, gdy zabraknie jej konkurencji :-)

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